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January 2016 Summary – Warmer than Average

February 2, 2016

Blue Hill Observatory January 2016 Summary: The month was notable for being warmer than average with slightly less precipitation and snowfall than…

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Blue Hill Observatory
January 2016 Summary:

The month was notable for being warmer than average with slightly less precipitation and snowfall than normal. The 24-hour mean temperature for the month of 29.5 deg F was 3.8 degrees warmer than the 120-year average for January, more than three degrees warmer than the 1981-2010 30-year average. Mostly due to the record warmth in December, the combined 24-hour mean temperature for December and January was the warmest on record with a mean of 36.2 deg F, and the comparable mean temperature for November through January was also the warmest on record with a mean of 39.5 deg F. January was generally warm with a few cold periods, the longest being a full week colder than average from the 18th to the 24th. The highest temperature for the month of 58F on the 10th was a new record for the date surpassing 54F in 2000. The coldest temperature of 4F occurred on the 5th.  There were twenty days during the month that averaged warmer than the 30-year normal including two days, on the 10th and 31st, that were twenty degrees or more warmer than normal. The warm early winter weather delayed the freeze of Houghton’s Pond until January 5, 2016, which tied for the third latest freeze of this pond on record. January was slightly drier than average with a precipitation total of 3.77 inches, which was about a half inch less than both the long-term 120-year average and the 30-year mean. The greatest amount in 24 hours was 1.55 inches on the very warm day on the 10th, and all of this precipitation fell as rain. The monthly snowfall was 14.3 inches, which was a few inches less than average. About half of this total, 7.1 inches, which was the greatest for the month in 24 hours, fell on the 23rd. This snowfall was from the northern edge of the Blizzard of 2016, which had earlier brought historic snows further south over the mid-Atlantic, as it passed off the coast of New England.  The mean wind speed was 14.0 mph, which tied for the ninth lowest on record for January, with a prevailing direction from the northwest. A peak gust of 55 mph was observed from the west-northwest on the 19th. January was much sunnier than average with 52 percent of the possible bright sunshine being observed, which is six percent more than the long-term average.

BHO Warmest December-January 24-Hour Mean Temperature, deg F (1885-2016):

1) 36.2 in 2015-2016
2) 35.4 in 2001-2002
3) 35.1 in 1912-1913
4) 34.4 in 2011-2012
5) 34.2 in 2006-2007

BHO Warmest November-January 24-Hour Mean Temperature, deg F (1885-2016):

1) 39.5 in 2015-2016
2) 38.9 in 2001-2002
38.9 in 2011-2012
4) 38.5 in 2006-2007
5) 37.6 in 1994-1995

BHO Latest Houghton’s Pond Freeze, (1885-2016):

1) January 18, 2007
2) January 16, 2012
3) January 5, 1974
    January 5, 2016
5) January 4, 2013
6) January 2, 1924
January 2, 2009
8) January 1, 2015

 

Blue Hill Observatory & Science Center · Legal

Data Use & Privacy Policy

Please read the full Policy before accessing Observatory data · Effective January 1, 2025

Notice: By accessing, downloading, or using any Blue Hill Observatory data or services, you unconditionally accept and agree to be bound by this Policy in its entirety. If you do not agree, you may not access or use Observatory data.
Effective January 1, 2025 · Milton, Massachusetts · bluehill.org
Part I — Data Use Policy
§ 01

Ownership and Proprietary Rights

All observational records, compiled datasets, metadata, database structures, and related materials provided by the Blue Hill Observatory & Science Center are the exclusive property of the Blue Hill Observatory & Science Center. The Observatory has maintained continuous weather observations at the summit of Great Blue Hill since 1885, and the entirety of that record — its compilation, structure, curation, and organization — constitutes a proprietary database protected under applicable United States law, including copyright law and common law database protections.

All rights not expressly granted in this Policy are reserved by the Observatory. No access to or use of Observatory data shall be construed as a waiver of any rights or as a license to use data beyond the scope expressly stated herein.

§ 02

Governing Law and Jurisdiction

This Policy shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, without regard to its conflict of law provisions. For interactions with international users, this Policy shall apply to the maximum extent permitted by applicable local law.

Any dispute arising from or related to this Policy shall be subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts located in Norfolk County, Massachusetts. By accessing Observatory data, all users consent to personal jurisdiction in Massachusetts and waive any objection to the venue or inconvenience of such forum.

§ 03

Permitted Uses

Observatory data are made available for the following limited, non-commercial purposes only:

  • Personal study and analysis
  • Educational classroom use
  • Student projects
  • Non-commercial academic research
  • Publication of analyses, figures, models, or conclusions derived from the data, subject to the attribution requirements of Section 4

All other uses require prior written authorization from the Observatory.

§ 04

Attribution Requirement

Any use of Observatory data in any published, presented, or publicly distributed work must include the following verbatim acknowledgment:

“Data provided by the Blue Hill Observatory & Science Center, Milton, Massachusetts. Continuous weather observations since 1885.”

Failure to include proper attribution is a material violation of this Policy.

§ 05

Prohibited Uses

Unless explicitly authorized in writing, Users may not:

  • Resell, license, sublicense, or commercially exploit Observatory data in any form
  • Redistribute the dataset in whole or in part to any third party
  • Publish the dataset for download by third parties
  • Host, mirror, or archive the dataset on any external website, repository, or storage service
  • Upload the dataset to any public or institutional data repository
  • Provide the data through APIs, automated services, or subscription platforms
  • Incorporate the data into any commercial product, software, application, or service
  • Use the data for AI or machine learning systems intended for commercial use or external distribution
  • Use the data to create derivative datasets that enable reconstruction of the underlying observations
§ 06

Commercial Licensing

Organizations seeking to use Observatory data for commercial purposes must obtain a license prior to any such use. Licensing inquiries: data@bluehill.org.

§ 07

Automated Access

Automated scraping, bulk harvesting, or systematic downloading of Observatory data is strictly prohibited without prior written authorization.

§ 08

Enforcement and Remedies

Violation of this Policy may result in immediate revocation of data access, pursuit of legal remedies available under United States law, and referral to applicable authorities. The Observatory reserves all rights to seek injunctive relief, damages, and attorneys’ fees in connection with any unauthorized use of its data.

Part II — Privacy Policy
§ 09–10

Scope & Information Collected

This section governs the collection, use, storage, and disclosure of personal information from visitors to the Blue Hill Observatory website and users of its data services. The Observatory may collect contact information (name, email, organization) when voluntarily submitted, usage data including IP addresses and pages visited, and data download records.

§ 11–12

How We Use Information & Retention

Information is used solely for: responding to inquiries and licensing requests; monitoring and enforcing compliance with this Policy; improving website performance; and communicating Observatory news to opted-in users. The Observatory does not sell, rent, or share personal information with third parties for marketing purposes. Data access records may be retained indefinitely for compliance and enforcement purposes.

§ 13

International Users and Data Transfers

The Observatory is located in the United States. International users acknowledge their information will be processed in the United States under U.S. law. Users requiring specific data processing agreements under non-US law must contact data@bluehill.org before accessing data.

§ 14–16

Cookies, Security & Children’s Privacy

The Observatory website may use cookies for analytics and functionality. By continuing to use the site, users consent to cookie use. The Observatory implements reasonable measures to protect personal information but cannot guarantee absolute security. Observatory data services are not directed at children under 13.

Part III — General Provisions
§ 17–20

Modifications, Severability, Entire Agreement & Contact

The Observatory reserves the right to modify this Policy at any time. Updated versions will be posted at bluehill.org. Continued use of Observatory data following any modification constitutes acceptance of the revised Policy. This Policy constitutes the entire agreement between the User and the Observatory. Questions and licensing inquiries: Blue Hill Observatory & Science Center, Milton, Massachusetts — data@bluehill.org

By accessing, downloading, or using any Blue Hill Observatory data or services, you acknowledge that you have read, understood, and agree to be bound by this Policy.
Effective January 1, 2025 · Blue Hill Observatory & Science Center · Milton, Massachusetts